2025 CWISA-103 dumps review - Professional Quiz Study Materials
CWISA-103 Test Prep Training Practice Exam Questions Practice Tests
CWNP CWISA-103 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 20
What kind of PoE device can be used to power a non-PoE connected object assuming PoE power is provided on the Ethernet cable?
- A. PoE midspan injector
- B. PoE splitter
- C. PoE endspan switch
- D. PoE coupler
Answer: B
Explanation:
* PoE Splitter: A PoE splitter separates power and data from a PoE-enabled Ethernet cable, allowing the powering of non-PoE devices.
* Other PoE Devices:
* PoE Injector: Adds power to non-PoE Ethernet cable.
* PoE Switch: Provides power directly through its ports.
NEW QUESTION # 21
What user authentication method is commonly used in guest Wi-Fi networks in the hospitality industry?
- A. NTLM
- B. Kerberos
- C. SIM cards
- D. Captive portal
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Captive Portals for Guest Access: These are web pages that intercept users' requests before granting full internet access. They often require agreeing to terms, entering basic information, or viewing ads.
* Hospitality Fit: Captive portals are simple to deploy, require minimal user setup, and provide control for the hospitality provider (e.g., usage limits).
* Why Other Options Are Less Common:
* NTLM: Microsoft authentication, mainly for corporate networks, too complex for casual guest use.
* Kerberos: Complex authentication for enterprise, overkill for guest Wi-Fi
* SIM Cards: Used in cellular devices, not for general Wi-Fi access.
References:
Captive Portals: Explanations of how they work and their use cases.
Guest Wi-Fi in Hospitality: Best practices highlight the prevalence of captive portals in this industry.
NEW QUESTION # 22
What statement best describes the difference between authentication and authorization?
- A. Authentication is not used in wireless solutions and authorization is used in wireless solutions
- B. Authentication is used in wireless solutions and authorization is not
- C. Authentication ensures privacy and authorization ensures availability
- D. Authentication proves identity and authorization determines access to specific resources
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Authentication: Verifying "who" the user or device is (e.g., via passwords, certificates).
* Authorization: Controlling "what" a user or device can do once authenticated (e.g., read-only vs. read
/write permissions).
* Combined for Security: Both are essential. Authentication alone doesn't control access levels, and authorization without verification is meaningless.
References:
Identity and Access Management (IAM): Articles and resources outlining the core principles of authentication and authorization.
Cybersecurity Best Practices: Guides on securing systems will often emphasize the need for both authentication and authorization controls.
NEW QUESTION # 23
What is an important acceptance agreement to achieve in the final customer meeting for a wireless IoT deployment?
- A. Stakeholder acceptance
- B. Scope definition
- C. Support for wearable IoT solutions
- D. Power supply provisioning
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Successful Deployment Depends on Buy-In: A final customer meeting signifies the handover phase.
Achieving stakeholder agreement ensures everyone impacted by the solution has a voice and feels their concerns are addressed.
* Sign-Off and Formal Acceptance: Stakeholders often need to formally "sign-off" on a project's completion, indicating satisfaction and readiness for operational use.
* Other Options: While Important, Not the Primary Goal:
* Scope definition typically happens much earlier
* Solutions may or may not include wearables
* Power supply should already be planned
References:
Project Management Methodologies: Emphasis on stakeholder involvement & acceptance criteria.
ITIL (Change Management): Materials on getting approval before a system goes live.
NEW QUESTION # 24
What is the primary difference between LoRa and LoRaWAN?
- A. LoRaWAN is the Physical Layer and LoRa is the Transport Layer
- B. LoRa is the modulation method and LoRaWAN implements the higher network layers
- C. LoRa uses RF and LoRaWAN uses light-based communications
- D. LoRa Is used for communicating across the Internet and LoRaWAN is used only on the local link
Answer: B
Explanation:
* LoRa: Refers to the physical layer chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation, enabling long-range, low- power communication.
* LoRaWAN: An open MAC layer protocol that builds on LoRa, defining network architecture, device management, and data routing for large-scale LoRa networks.
NEW QUESTION # 25
You are planning a wireless solution. Why should you consider an ongoing monitoring system for use after the solution is deployed?
- A. Monitoring the solution provides additional billable hours
- B. To ensure that the system continues to meet the original requirements, even if users later indicate poor performance
- C. Implementation validation is never completed, it continues throughout the life of the system
- D. The number of users and the use of the solution will change over time and monitoring allows for detection of these changes
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Ongoing Monitoring for Adaptability: Wireless networks are dynamic environments. Ongoing monitoring is essential because:
* Changing Usage Patterns: User numbers and how they utilize the network evolve over time.
* Capacity Adjustments: Monitoring reveals if the network needs scaling for more devices or changing use cases.
* Security: Helps detect unauthorized access or anomalies.
References
* Importance of Wireless Network Monitoring: Resources will detail its role in proactive management
NEW QUESTION # 26
What is the spacing between ZigBee channels when operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band?
- A. 1 MHz
- B. 2 MHz
- C. 25 MHz
- D. 5 MHz
Answer: D
Explanation:
* ZigBee Channel Spacing: ZigBee channels in the 2.4 GHz band are spaced 5 MHz apart. This helps manage interference in the crowded 2.4 GHz spectrum.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which one of the following is NOT a typical Smart City application?
- A. City-wide municipal Wi-Fi
- B. Demand-based road tolling
- C. Self-driving ride sharing
- D. Pollution monitoring
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Smart City Focus: Smart city initiatives mainly address infrastructure, environmental monitoring, and optimization of public services.
* Ride-sharing Context: While self-driving technology could contribute to future smart city transportation, it's primarily a private-sector innovation, not a core municipal service like the other options.
* Typical Smart City Applications:
* Wi-Fi: Provides public internet access, enabling data collection
* Pollution Monitoring: Tracks air/water quality for environmental management.
* Demand-based Tolling: Adjusts pricing for traffic management.
References:
Smart City Examples: Case studies showcasing common application areas (infrastructure, environment, utilities).
Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Cities: Discussions of the potential interplay but emphasize the still- developing nature of self-driving tech.
NEW QUESTION # 28
What software is typically stored in ROM and is used to initialize a device?
- A. Service
- B. Container
- C. Firmware
- D. Application
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Firmware Definition: Firmware is a type of software embedded in hardware devices. It provides low- level instructions that control the basic operations and initialization of the device.
* ROM Storage: Firmware is typically stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) or other forms of non- volatile memory, meaning it persists even when the device is powered off.
* Functions:
* Booting: Initiates the hardware and loads the operating system.
* Hardware Control: Provides an interface between the hardware and the operating system.
* BIOS: The firmware on PCs is often referred to as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).
References
* Firmware Explanation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware
* ROM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory
NEW QUESTION # 29
What is a valid reason to continue using older wireless networking technologies?
- A. The desire to use older encryption processes, which are faster regardless of the CPU implemented
- B. A requirement to support legacy devices
- C. The desire for faster communications
- D. The desire to support internal antennas
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Legacy Support: The primary reason to continue using older wireless technologies is the need to connect with devices that don't support newer standards (e.g., old sensors or equipment).
* Other Reasons (Not as Strong):
* Cost: Replacing legacy devices can be expensive.
* Reliability: Some legacy technologies might be well-proven in specific settings.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which one of the following location tracking technologies is most energy efficient in typical implementations?
- A. BLE Beacons
- B. Cellular
- C. GPS
- D. Wi-Fi
Answer: A
Explanation:
* BLE Beacon Power Efficiency: Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons are designed for low power consumption. Their primary function is to periodically broadcast short data packets (advertising their presence).
* Other Technologies:
* Cellular: More power-hungry due to long-range communication and complex protocols.
* GPS: Power intensive, especially when actively tracking location.
* Wi-Fi:
NEW QUESTION # 31
What is the benefit of using SINR as opposed to SNR to reference signal quality at a receiver?
- A. SNR includes interference measurements that skew the results
- B. SINR excludes interference and only measures the noise floor
- C. SNR excludes the noise floor, which skews the results
- D. SINR includes interference as well as the noise floor
Answer: D
Explanation:
* SINR vs. SNR:
* SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio): Measures the power of the desired signal relative to background noise.
* SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio): Considers both background noise and interference from other signals operating on the same frequency.
* Practical Importance: SINR is a more realistic indicator of real-world signal quality in wireless environments where interference is a significant factor.
References
* SINR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-interference-plus-noise_ratio
* SNR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio
NEW QUESTION # 32
What organization maintains and publishes the 802.15.4 Standard?
- A. Zigbee Alliance
- B. IETF
- C. IEEE
- D. Bluetooth SIG
Answer: C
Explanation:
* IEEE 802.15.4: The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is a fundamental specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). It serves as the basis for many wireless IoT protocols.
* IEEE's Role: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is the organization responsible for creating, maintaining, and publishing the 802.15.4 standard.
References
* IEEE 802.15.4 Standard: https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_15_4-2020.html
* IEEE Website: https://www.ieee.org/
NEW QUESTION # 33
What factor severely limits the range of systems operating in the 60GHz band?
- A. Atmospheric Scattering
- B. Rain Fade
- C. Oxygen Fade
- D. Solar Radiation
Answer: C
Explanation:
* 60GHz Absorption: The 60GHz band experiences significant signal attenuation due to absorption by oxygen molecules in the atmosphere. This severely restricts the usable range of wireless systems operating in this frequency.
* Why Other Options Don't Apply:
* Atmospheric Scattering: Impacts longer wavelength transmissions, less significant at 60GHz.
* Solar Radiation: Can cause interference on some frequencies, but not a primary range limitation at 60GHz.
* Rain Fade: Primarily affects higher frequencies (above 10GHz), but its impact is less severe than oxygen absorption at 60GHz.
References:
60GHz Propagation Characteristics: Technical papers discussing oxygen absorption and its influence on range limitations.
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) Communication: Overviews highlighting the challenges and short-range applications of 60GHz systems.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Within what development environment is XAML most commonly used?
- A. Python
- B. R
- C. PHP
- D. .NET
Answer: D
Explanation:
* XAML and .NET: XAML (eXtensible Application Markup Language) is primarily used within the .
NET framework for defining user interfaces. Specifically, technologies like:
* WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation): Desktop application UIs
* Xamarin: Mobile app UIs
* XAML in Other Frameworks: While some limited adaptation exists, its core use is tightly coupled with .NET technologies.
References:
XAML Overview (Microsoft Docs): Introductions to XAML emphasizing its use in .NET applications.
WPF Documentation: Tutorials and references specifically mentioning XAML's role in Windows desktop development.
NEW QUESTION # 35
You have implemented a wireless mesh network. All mesh nodes are properly configured for participation in the same mesh network. Several of the mesh nodes are unable to connect to other mesh nodes. What action may provide a solution to this problem?
- A. Change the output power settings only on the faulty mesh nodes
- B. Place the faulty mesh nodes in their own mesh network
- C. Move the faulty mesh nodes to provide for better signal strength
- D. Change the security settings on the faulty mesh nodes
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Mesh Connectivity Depends on Signal: Mesh nodes relay data for each other. Weak signal strength between nodes can disrupt connectivity throughout the network.
* Troubleshooting Signal Issues: Physically relocating affected nodes can improve their ability to form stable connections with other nodes in the mesh.
* Why Other Options May Not Help:
* Separate Mesh: Splits the network, not solving the root connectivity issue
* Output Power: May help marginally, but significant improvement is typically achieved through repositioning.
* Security Settings: Unlikely to cause connectivity issues between properly configured nodes in the same mesh.
References:
Wireless Mesh Network Troubleshooting: Guides addressing signal strength and coverage concerns.
RF Site Survey Tools: Resources on software that can help visualize signal strength and aid in node placement.
NEW QUESTION # 36
In the simplified three-layer model for wireless IoT, what is the universal primary function of the Perception layer?
- A. Decrypting local data to send across the unencrypted IoT network
- B. Gathering and transmitting data to be used for actions, analysis or reporting
- C. Analyzing data for actions and reporting using AI and ML
- D. Providing the network across which data can be transmitted to the cloud
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Perception Layer: The foundation of an IoT system, it consists of sensors and actuators that:
* Sense: Collect data about the environment or object being monitored.
* Actuate: Potentially make changes based on commands (e.g., a smart valve opening/closing).
* Transmit: Send gathered data to upper layers for processing.
NEW QUESTION # 37
What modulation is used by LoRa?
- A. ASK
- B. CSS
- C. OFDMA
- D. OFDM
Answer: B
Explanation:
* LoRa Modulation: LoRa (Long Range) is a proprietary wireless technology that utilizes Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation.
* CSS Characteristics:
* Spread spectrum technique for resilience against interference.
* Chirps (frequency sweeps) enable operation below the noise floor for long range.
References
* LoRa: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoRa
* Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp_spread_spectrum
NEW QUESTION # 38
You must ensure proper security controls are in place for a wireless solution. The solution allows for the use of groups to grant access to resources and capabilities. What is the term used to describe a situation where an individual is granted more access than required because of inclusion in a group?
- A. Privilege escalation
- B. Improper grouping
- C. Privilege creep
- D. Improper delegation
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Privilege Creep Defined: Gradual accumulation of excessive permissions over time, often due to users changing roles or access needs not being adjusted accordingly.
* Other Terms:
* Privilege Escalation: A malicious act of obtaining higher-than-authorized access.
* Improper Delegation/Grouping: Faulty permission assignment, but not the gradual accretion aspect.
References:
Principle of Least Privilege: Security best practice emphasizing the need to minimize access to only what's necessary.
Access Control Models: Discussions of how privilege creep can violate security principles.
NEW QUESTION # 39
You are performing an implementation for a cloud-based wireless solution. How is connectivity to the cloud established? (Choose the single best answer.)
- A. Through the use of IPX/SPX routers
- B. Through BLE Layer 2 connections that do not use IP
- C. Through any Layer 3 network connected to the Internet
- D. Through cellular Internet connections only
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Cloud Connectivity Relies on IP: Most cloud-based services operate via the internet, which utilizes Internet Protocol (IP) at Layer 3 of the network model.
* Flexibility: Various Layer 2 technologies (Ethernet, Wi-Fi) can connect to a Layer 3 network that ultimately provides Internet access
* BLE Exception: Bluetooth Low Energy can have cloud connectivity, but often through gateways and not as a direct Layer 2 connection.
* Eliminating Incorrect Options: IPX/SPX is an outdated protocol, and cellular is only one possible way to achieve Internet access.
References:
OSI Model: Descriptions of Network Layers, especially Layer 2 (Data Link) and Layer 3 (Network).
Cloud Architecture: Diagrams showing how devices commonly access cloud resources through internet- based infrastructures.
NEW QUESTION # 40
What provides the security (encryption) in an HTTPS connection?
- A. IPSec
- B. SSH
- C. SSL/TLS
- D. SNMPv3
Answer: C
Explanation:
* SSL/TLS Secures Web Traffic: HTTPS builds upon HTTP, adding the encryption provided by Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS).
* Other Protocols Have Different Purposes:
* IPSec: Secures IP traffic at a network level, can be used alongside TLS.
* SNMPv3: Management protocol, offers security features, but not the primary mechanism in HTTPS.
* SSH: Secure remote shell, unrelated to web data encryption.
References:
TLS (and SSL): Explanations of their role in HTTPS and how they provide encryption for web communication.
HTTPS Overview: Materials showing how TLS fits into the overall HTTPS architecture.
NEW QUESTION # 41
What is a common characteristic of Industrial IoT (IIoT) devices that is not a characteristic of all IoT devices?
- A. Ruggedized devices constructed for operating in harsh environments
- B. Use of proprietary protocols
- C. Use of standardized protocols
- D. Transmission of small amounts of data throughout the day
Answer: A
Explanation:
* IIoT Environments: Industrial IoT (IIoT) often involves deployment in harsh environments (factories, plants, outdoor sites) with:
* Extreme temperatures
* Dust & Vibrations
* Exposure to chemicals or moisture
* Ruggedization: IIoT devices are designed to withstand these conditions, ensuring reliability and longevity.
References
* IIoT: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Internet_of_things
* Rugged Devices: Articles on ruggedized electronics will emphasize their importance in industrial settings.
NEW QUESTION # 42
What advantage is provided by using an NTP server within a wireless solution architecture?
- A. It ensures security through AES encryption
- B. It provides for name resolution for older network devices
- C. It ensures uniform, synchronized time among devices
- D. It provides for semi-automatic IP addressing in wireless sensor networks
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Importance of Time Sync in IoT: Coordinated actions, accurate data analysis, and event logging in wireless IoT solutions often rely on devices having a shared time reference.
* NTP's Role: Network Time Protocol (NTP) enables devices to synchronize their clocks against a reliable time source (NTP server), ensuring consistency across the network.
* Why Other Options Don't Fit:
* IP Addressing: Usually handled by DHCP, not NTP.
* Encryption: SSL/TLS secure data in transit, not related to timekeeping.
* Name Resolution: Purpose of DNS, not NTP.
References:
Network Time Protocol (NTP): How it works and its importance in distributed systems.
IoT Time Synchronization Challenges: Articles highlighting the need for accuracy in sensor networks and similar use cases.
NEW QUESTION # 43
You are implementing a smart office wireless solution for a small business. The business owner indicates that It is acceptable to use consumer-targeted wireless devices. What is a common negative attribute of consumer- targeted smart home or smart office devices?
- A. They rarely support features required for small business deployment
- B. They usually stop working after twelve months
- C. They typically only support FHSS modulation schemes
- D. They often operate only in the 2.4 GHz frequency band used by 802.11 devices
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Consumer Smart Devices Limitation: Many consumer-oriented smart devices are designed for simplicity and cost-effectiveness, leading to reliance on the crowded 2.4 GHz band.
* Consequences:
* High Interference: Increased potential for interference from Wi-Fi and other 2.4 GHz devices.
* Limited scalability: Performance and reliability may degrade in busy wireless environments.
NEW QUESTION # 44
What does the number in the various Quadrature Amplitude Modulation levels, such as 16 in QAM-16 and 64 in QAM-64, indicate? (Choose the single best answer.)
- A. The speed of data transfer, which is four times the number in the QAM level
- B. The channel width, which is stipulated in MHz
- C. The number of target points in the QAM constellation, which are equivalent to amplitude and phase combinations
- D. The number of spatial streams, which is 1/4 the number in the QAM level
Answer: C
Explanation:
* QAM Constellations: QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) uses a constellation diagram where points represent unique combinations of amplitude and phase.
* Bits per Symbol: The number in QAM-XX indicates the number of points:
* QAM-16: 16 points = 2^4 = 4 bits per symbol
* QAM-64: 64 points = 2^6 = 6 bits per symbol
* Higher Data Rates: More points in the constellation enable transmitting more bits per symbol, leading to higher data rates at the same bandwidth.
References
* QAM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulation
NEW QUESTION # 45
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