CMMC-CCA Tested & Approved Cyber AB CMMC Study Materials
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Cyber AB CMMC-CCA Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 20
A C3PAO is conducting a Level 2 assessment of a midsized construction contractor that does both private (commercial) and federal work. The contractor's documentation states that all CUI flows through a single building on their office campus and is logically, physically, and administratively isolated from the rest of the environment. Why might an assessor request access to assess controls within a building or area not listed as in- scope in the documentation?
- A. If Human Resources that supports both commercial and federal sectors sits in the other building or area
- B. If the assessor sees personnel carrying locked cases into the other building or area
- C. If the OSC has an underground passageway connecting the CUI building to a non-CUI building
- D. If network diagrams indicate the commercial and federal sectors share a single Internet connection
Answer: D
Explanation:
A shared Internet connection indicates that Security Protection Assets (SPAs) are present and serving both the CUI environment and other parts of the enterprise. SPAs are always in-scope regardless of where they are located, because they provide security protections for CUI. Therefore, if documentation or diagrams show that the commercial and federal environments share a single Internet connection, the assessor must request access to the other building to confirm proper implementation and isolation.
Exact Extracts (from CMMC Assessor/Study documents):
* "Security Protection Assets provide security functions or capabilities within the OSA's CMMC Assessment Scope. Security Protection Assets are part of the CMMC Assessment Scope and are assessed against Level 2 security requirements that are relevant to the capabilities provided."
* "Contractor Risk Managed Assets are not required to be physically or logically separated from CUI Assets... If documentation or other findings raise questions about these assets, the assessor can conduct a limited check to identify deficiencies."
* "Separation... is required only for Out-of-Scope Assets. Isolation can be achieved... by implementing subnetworks with firewalls or other boundary protection devices."
* "The CMMC Assessment Scope includes all assets in the OSA's environment that will be assessed...
OSAs will be required to provide a network diagram of the CMMC Assessment Scope to facilitate scoping discussions during pre-assessment."
* "An OSC can obtain a Level 2 certification assessment for an entire enterprise network or for a specific enclave(s), depending upon how the CMMC Assessment Scope is defined..." Why the other options are not correct:
* A (locked cases): Physical movement of materials does not establish scope. Scoping is determined by CUI flow and security protection assets, not incidental observation of personnel activities.
* B (underground passageway): Physical tunnels or building connections do not affect scope unless they result in shared IT/security functions.
* D (HR location): HR is not a SPA because it does not provide security functions to protect CUI.
Unless HR systems process or store CUI directly, they remain out of scope.
References (official CCA/CMMC documents):
* CMMC Assessment Scope - Level 2, Version 2.13 (Scoping Guide): Asset Categories, SPA definitions and examples; CRMA limited-check language; Separation requirements; network diagram requirements (pp. 3-13).
* CMMC Assessment Guide - Level 2, Version 2.13: Assessment scope, enclave validation, and assessor methods (pp. 1-4, 8-10).
NEW QUESTION # 21
An OSC seeking Level 2 certification is migrating to a fully cloud-based environment. The organization wants to select a Cloud Service Provider (CSP) that can share responsibilities for CMMC Level 2 requirements. Assume both CSPs can equally provide the technical capabilities and business value required.
* CSP A has SOC 2 certification and is California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant.
* CSP B has SOC 2 and FedRAMP Moderate certifications.
Based on this information, which CSP is MOST LIKELY to be acceptable?
- A. Both CSP A and B
- B. CSP A
- C. CSP B
- D. Neither CSP A nor B
Answer: C
Explanation:
When an OSC leverages cloud providers in a CMMC Level 2 assessment, the provider should have FedRAMP Moderate or higher authorization to align with NIST SP 800-171 requirements. SOC 2, HIPAA, or CCPA compliance do not demonstrate federal-level assurance for protecting CUI. Thus, CSP B is the most appropriate choice.
Exact extracts:
* "Cloud service providers that process, store, or transmit CUI should be FedRAMP Moderate Authorized or equivalent."
* "Assessors must verify evidence of FedRAMP authorization or comparable assurance before determining that OSC reliance on the provider is acceptable." Why the other options are incorrect:
* A: SOC 2, HIPAA, and CCPA compliance do not equate to CMMC-required federal assurance.
* C: Only FedRAMP-authorized providers meet the requirement, so both are not acceptable.
* D: CSP B does meet the criteria.
References:
CMMC Level 2 Scoping Guide - External Service Providers.
CMMC Assessment Guide - Treatment of Cloud Service Providers.
NEW QUESTION # 22
You are a CCA working for a well-known C3PAO. You have been selected for an Assessment Team tasked with conducting a CMMC assessment on a C3PAO. While you are reviewing the presented evidence, one of the Assessment Team members informs you that they weren't trained for the job and that a friend helped them get the position. By employing non-credentialed individuals and assigning them assessment tasks, which requirement of the CoPC has the C3PAO violated?
- A. Professionalism
- B. None; it is well within their rights to hire whomever they want.
- C. Confidentiality
- D. Integrity
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CoPC requires C3PAOs to employ only credentialed individuals for assessment tasks, and using an untrained, non-credentialed person violates Professionalism. Option A (Integrity) is related but less specific.
Option B is incorrect as CoPC sets hiring standards. Option C (Confidentiality) is unrelated. Option D is the violation.
Extract from Official Document (CoPC):
* Paragraph 2.1 - Professionalism (pg. 4):"Refrain from dishonesty by employing only credentialed individuals for CMMC assessment services." References:
CMMC Code of Professional Conduct, Paragraph 2.1.
NEW QUESTION # 23
During a CMMC Level 2 assessment, the OSC's Assessment Official asks the Lead Assessor if they can exclude a small subsidiary from the assessment scope because it only handles a minimal amount of CUI. The subsidiary's systems are networked with the main OSC environment. What should the Lead Assessor do?
- A. Proceed with the original scope and ignore the subsidiary's systems.
- B. Request the OSC to include the subsidiary in the scope due to its networked connection and CUI handling, and adjust the assessment accordingly.
- C. Terminate the assessment until the OSC resolves the subsidiary's inclusion internally.
- D. Agree to exclude the subsidiary since it handles minimal CUI.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CAP requires all CUI-handling systems, including networked subsidiaries, to be in scope (Option B).
Options A, C, and D violate CAP scoping rules.
Extract from Official Document (CAP v1.0):
* Section 1.4 - Define Assessment Scope (pg. 13):"All systems handling CUI, including networked subsidiaries, must be included in the assessment scope." References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 1.4.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Angela, a CCA, is conducting a CMMC assessment for Obsidian Technologies, the OSC. Duringthe assessment, Angela learns that her spouse owns a significant amount of stock in Obsidian Technologies, and she has not disclosed this information to Obsidian Technologies or the C3PAO. Which CMMC CoPC guiding principle has Angela violated in this scenario?
- A. Impartiality
- B. Adherence to Materials and Methods
- C. Objectivity
- D. Confidentiality
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Angela's undisclosed financial tie via her spouse's stock ownership creates a COI, violating the CoPC's Objectivity principle. Option B (Impartiality) is related but not a distinct CoPC principle. Option C (Methods) and D (Confidentiality) are unrelated. Option A is correct.
Extract from Official Document (CoPC):
* Paragraph 2.2 - Objectivity (pg. 5):"Disclose any financial or familial conflicts of interest to maintain objectivity." References:
CMMC Code of Professional Conduct, Paragraph 2.2.
NEW QUESTION # 25
You have been hired to assess an OSC's implementation of secure password storage and transmission mechanisms. The OSC uses a popular identity and access management (IAM) solution from a reputable vendor to manage user authentication across their systems. During the assessment, you examine the IAM solution's configuration and documentation, which indicate that passwords are hashed using industry-standard algorithms like SHA-256 or bcrypt before being stored in the system's database. Additionally, the IAM solution leverages TLS encryption for all communications, ensuring that passwords are transmitted securely over the network. Based on the information provided, how would you assess the OSC's compliance with CMMC practice IA.L2-3.5.10 - Cryptographically-Protected Passwords, which requires organizations to store and transmit only cryptographically protected passwords?
- A. Not Met (-5 points)
- B. Met (+5 points)
- C. Met (+1 point)
- D. Not Met (-1 point)
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
IA.L2-3.5.10 mandates that passwords be "cryptographically protected in storage and transit." Hashing with SHA-256 or bcrypt (one-way functions) secures storage, and TLS encryption protects transmission-both meeting the practice's objectives. Per the DoD Scoring Methodology, IA.L2-3.5.10 is a 5-point practice, scoring +5 when fully met. The OSC's implementation aligns with industry standards and CMMC requirements, warranting a "Met (+5 points)" score. Partial compliance isn't an option here, as both storage and transit are addressed.
Extract from Official CMMC Documentation:
* CMMC Assessment Guide Level 2 (v2.0), IA.L2-3.5.10: "Passwords must be hashed (e.g., bcrypt) for storage and encrypted (e.g., TLS) in transit."
* DoD Scoring Methodology: "5-point practice: Met = +5, Not Met = -5."
Resources:
* https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/CMMC/AG_Level2_MasterV2.
0_FINAL_202112016_508.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 26
During the Planning phase, the C3PAO and Lead Assessor will collect information from the OSC to provide a Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM). This enables the Assessor to approximate the duration, schedule, and cost of the Assessment. To determine the Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM), the Lead Assessor can use the following inputs, EXCEPT?
- A. Education levels of the Assessment Team.
- B. The OSC's location and number of facilities.
- C. The OSC's readiness.
- D. The size and complexity of the OSC.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CAP lists OSC-related inputs for ROM (Options A, C, D), but team education (Option B) is irrelevant to this estimate.
Extract from Official Document (CAP v1.0):
* Section 1.5 - Assessment Planning (pg. 16):"ROM inputs include OSC location, size, complexity, and readiness." References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 1.5.
NEW QUESTION # 27
While conducting a CMMC Level 2 Third-Party Assessment of a small defense contractor, an assessor discovers that the contractor's Information Security Policy has no documented change records demonstrating executive approval. The IT director states that they will add change records in the future, but that other evidence exists. Which documentation is MOST able to demonstrate persistent and habitual adherence to CMMC requirements?
- A. Several years' worth of saved emails from the executive team approving policies and directing adherence
- B. Transcribed interviews with new employees discussing their understanding of information security policies
- C. A notarized letter from the previous CEO stating that they approved information security policies annually
- D. Handwritten notes from executive committee meetings discussing implementation
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Applicable Requirement: CA.L2-3.12.4 - "Develop, document, periodically review/update, and disseminate system security plans." Policies require executive approval and evidence of regular review.
* Why B is Correct: Multiple years of emails from executives approving policies provide a pattern of consistent executive involvement, demonstrating habitual compliance with review and approval requirements. This is stronger evidence than one-time or informal attestations.
* Why Other Options Are Insufficient:
* A: Handwritten notes are informal and lack authenticity controls.
* C: A notarized letter from a previous CEO is a one-time attestation, not evidence of recurring review.
* D: Employee interviews may demonstrate awareness but do not show executive approval.
References (CCA Official Sources):
* NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2 - CA.L2-3.12.4
* NIST SP 800-171A - CA.L2-3.12.4 Assessment Objectives (evidence of policy review/approval)
* CMMC Assessment Guide - Level 2 - Policy and Approval Evidence Requirements
NEW QUESTION # 28
An aerospace company has requested a CMMC assessment for an enclave only. Your team has verified that the company has a valid CAGE code and is registered with SAM.gov. However, the enclave has no separate CAGE code or SAM registration. Can the assessor proceed with the CMMC assessment solely for the enclave, or is an assessment of the entire aerospace company's network required?
- A. The assessor cannot proceed with the enclave assessment.
- B. The assessor can proceed with the enclave assessment for CMMC Level 2 compliance.
- C. The assessor can proceed with the enclave assessment, but only for a lower CMMC level.
- D. The assessor must assess the entire company network.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
The CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) allows for assessments of specific enclaves within an organization, defined as a segmented set of system resources sharing a common security perimeter. The CMMC Assessment Scope - Level 2 supports this by permitting the scope to be limited to an enclave if it fully contains the CUI environment and is properly isolated. While a CAGE code and SAM registration are required for the parent organization (the aerospace company), they are not mandated for individual enclaves within that entity. Since the company has these credentials, the assessor can proceed with a Level 2 assessment of the enclave, provided its isolation and security controls are verified.
Option B is incorrect as no rule prohibits enclave-only assessments. Option C is too broad, contradicting segmentation allowances. Option D misapplies level restrictions. A is correct per the CAP and scoping guide.
Reference:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 2.1 (Assessment Scoping), p. 8: "An enclave can be assessed independently if it meets isolation requirements." CMMC Assessment Scope - Level 2, Section 2.2 (Enclave Scoping)
NEW QUESTION # 29
Steve is a Certified CMMC Assessor (CCA) who works for ACME Inc., which is both an RPO and a C3PAO.
His aunt Mary works for ABC Holdings, and based on this connection, Steve convinces her boss to hire ACME Inc. to help prepare for a CMMC assessment. Steve leads the team and successfully completes the engagement with ABC Holdings. Six months later, Mary informs Steve that ABC Holdings is ready to perform its CMMC Level 2 assessment. Steve jumps at the opportunity and convinces his management at ACME Inc. to assign him as the lead CCA along with two other employees. Which of the following is true about Steve's involvement in ABC Holdings' CMMC assessment?
- A. Since enough time has passed, Steve can remain objective and impartial in the assessment.
- B. Steve can participate in the assessment if he did not directly implement any security controls during the preparatory engagement.
- C. Steve has a conflict of interest and should not be involved in officially assessing ABC Holdings.
- D. Steve can participate in the CMMC assessment for ABC Holdings if they were bound by an NDA during the initial engagement.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CoPC prohibits CCAs from assessing an OSC they previously consulted for, due to objectivity risks, regardless of NDAs (Option B), time elapsed (Option C), or specific tasks (Option D). Steve's prior role with ABC Holdings creates a COI, making Option A correct.
Extract from Official Document (CoPC):
* Paragraph 2.2 - Objectivity (pg. 5):"Credentialed individuals shall not conduct a certified assessment if they have served as a consultant to prepare the organization for that assessment." References:
CMMC Code of Professional Conduct, Paragraph 2.2.
NEW QUESTION # 30
To transfer CUI between a government client and its internal systems, a defense contractor uses a Secure File- Sharing Application provided by the DoD. However, all data traversing this boundary must pass through a next-generation firewall (NGFW) managed by the contractor's Network Admin. All CUI is stored on a Solid State Drive (SSD) and accessed through a laptop. What type of asset is the Network Admin?
- A. Security Protection Asset (SPA)
- B. Contractor Risk Managed Asset (CRMA)
- C. CUI Asset
- D. Specialized Asset
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
In the CMMC framework, asset types are categorized based on their role in handling or protecting CUI. The Network Admin manages the next-generation firewall (NGFW), which is a critical component in securing the data flow of CUI between the DoD's Secure File-Sharing Application and the contractor's internal systems.
Per the CMMC Assessment Scope - Level 2, Security Protection Assets (SPAs) are defined as assets that provide security functions or capabilities to the contractor's CMMC Assessment Scope, irrespective of whether they directly process, store, or transmit CUI. The Network Admin, by managing the NGFW, fulfills a security protection role, making them an SPA.
Option A (CRMA) applies to assets that can but are not intended to process, store, or transmit CUI due to risk management policies, which does not fit the Network Admin's active security role. Option C (Specialized Asset) includes items like OT or government-furnished equipment, not personnel. Option D (CUI Asset) applies to assets that directly handle CUI, like the SSD or laptop, not the admin managing security. Thus, B is correct.
Reference:
CMMC Assessment Scope - Level 2, Section 2.3.3 (Security Protection Assets), p. 6: "SPAs include people, technology, or facilities that provide security functions or capabilities."
NEW QUESTION # 31
During an assessment, you learn that a cybersecurity firm helped the OSC prepare for the assessment. In an attempt to learn more about this firm, the OSC POC gives you their name. Performing a quick search, you learn they aren't listed in the Cyber AB marketplace. What should you do as the Lead Assessor?
- A. Discontinue the assessment.
- B. Confront the RPO about this unethical behavior.
- C. Ignore it and continue with the assessment.
- D. Inform the OSC that the RPO isn't registered and report this to Cyber AB through your C3PAO.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Non-RPO firms can assist OSCs without Cyber AB registration, so this is not unethical or a barrier to assessment. Option B (confronting) and D (reporting) overreact to a non-issue. Option C (discontinuing) lacks basis. Option A is appropriate per CAP.
Extract from Official Document (CAP v1.0):
* Section 1.1 - Purpose (pg. 7):"There are no restrictions on OSCs contracting with non-RPOs to prepare for a CMMC assessment." References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 1.1.
NEW QUESTION # 32
A Lead Assessor is conducting an assessment for an OSC. The OSC is currently using doors and badge access to limit access to private areas of their campus to only authorized personnel. Which item is another means of controlling physical access to areas that contain CUI?
- A. Firewalls
- B. Cameras
- C. Partition walls
- D. Guards
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Applicable Requirement: PE.L2-3.10.3 - "Control physical access to organizational systems, equipment, and the respective operating environments."
* Why A is Correct: Security guards are a recognized preventive and detective physical control to limit access to only authorized individuals. Guards can verify credentials, monitor behavior, and provide real-time deterrence.
* Why Other Options Are Insufficient:
* B (Cameras): Provide monitoring and evidence, but not direct access control.
* C (Firewalls): A network control, not a physical access measure.
* D (Partition walls): Barriers may help physically separate areas but do not control who enters.
References (CCA Official Sources):
* NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2 - PE.L2-3.10.3
* NIST SP 800-171A - PE.L2-3.10.3 Assessment Objectives
* CMMC Assessment Guide - Level 2 - Physical Security Controls
NEW QUESTION # 33
An OSC has built an enclave for its production environment. The enclave sits behind a firewall, with all equipment connected through a switch. There is a shipping workstation and physically connected label printer (used for the sales system, which does not process CUI) that the OSC claims are Contractor Risk Managed Assets (CRMA). Other than showing that the shipping workstation and label printer are not intended to store or transmit CUI, and documenting them in the SSP, how BEST would the OSC show that the shipping workstation and label printer are Contractor Risk Managed Assets?
- A. Document in the asset inventory and include them in the network diagram to facilitate scoping discussions during the pre-assessment.
- B. Document the shipping workstation and label printer in the asset inventory; show that they are managed using industry risk-based security best practices; and include them in the network diagram to facilitate scoping discussions during the pre-assessment.
- C. Document the shipping workstation and label printer in the asset inventory; show that they are managed using the organization's risk-based security policies and procedures; and include them in the network diagram.
- D. Document the shipping workstation and label printer in the asset inventory; show that they are managed using vendor-recommended risk-based security practices; and include them in the network diagram.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The CMMC Scoping Guidance specifies that Contractor Risk Managed Assets must:
* Be documented in the asset inventory,
* Be governed by the organization's own risk-based policies and procedures,
* Be included in the system boundary/network diagram.
Extract:
"Contractor Risk Managed Assets are those managed according to the OSC's risk-based policies and procedures. They must be documented in the asset inventory and represented in the system boundary." Thus, option C is the best answer.
Reference: CMMC Scoping Guidance - Contractor Risk Managed Assets.
NEW QUESTION # 34
A CCA is conducting an interview with an OSC system administrator who admits that a required practice is not implemented because "we don't have the budget for it this year." The CCA notes this in their findings.
What principle of the CoPC does the CCA uphold by documenting this statement without offering advice?
- A. Objectivity
- B. Professionalism
- C. Confidentiality
- D. Information Integrity
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Documenting without advising upholds Objectivity (Option C), avoiding bias or consulting. Options A, B, and D are not directly relevant here.
Extract from Official Document (CoPC):
* Paragraph 2.2 - Objectivity (pg. 5):"Maintain objectivity by documenting findings without offering advice or recommendations." References:
CMMC Code of Professional Conduct, Paragraph 2.2.
NEW QUESTION # 35
You are a CCA collaborating with an OSC to provide specialized consulting services. The OSC representative has inquired about strategies to validate the accuracy of their project scope. In response, you suggest leveraging a data flow diagram. This visual representation could assist in mapping the flow of information and processes within the project, enabling a comprehensive review and verification of the scope's alignment with the client's requirements. If you were on the Assessment Team, how would you use the data flow diagram after it is created?
- A. Use the data flow diagram as a baseline for a new system architecture, as it provides a comprehensive view of the existing data flows
- B. Ensure the systems and assets included in the data flow diagram are also included in the network diagram for the assessment's scope and in the asset inventory
- C. Compare the data flow diagram with the organization's documented policies and procedures to identify any deviations or noncompliance
- D. Use the data flow diagram to identify potential vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the information flow, as it is primarily a security analysis tool
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CMMC Assessment Guide Level 2 uses data flow diagrams to define the assessment scope by mapping CUI flows and identifying in-scope systems and assets. After creation, the CCA ensures these align with the network diagram and asset inventory (Option D), per CAP scoping requirements, to confirm completeness.
Option A (vulnerability analysis) is a secondary use, not the primary scoping purpose. Option B (system architecture baseline) exceeds scoping intent. Option C (policy comparison) is tangential to scope validation.
Option D is the correct answer.
Reference Extract:
* CMMC AG Level 2, Section 1.3:"Data flow diagrams ensure all systems and assets handling CUI are reflected in the network diagram and asset inventory."Resources:https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0
/Documents/CMMC/AG_Level2_MasterV2.0_FINAL_202112016_508.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 36
While assessing an OSC, you realize they have given identifiers to systems, users, and processes. Examining their documentation, you know they have assigned accounts uniquely to employees, contractors, and subcontractors. The OSC has an automated system that disables any identifiers that are left unused for 6 months. You also learn from interviewing IT security administrators that the OSC has defined a technical and documented policy where identifiers can only be reused after 12 months. How is the OSC likely to consider CMMC practice IA.L2-3.5.5 - Identifier Reuse if you find issues with its implementation?
- A. Disregard it as it is not applicable
- B. Track it under limited deficiency correction
- C. Hire another C3PAO to verify your assessment
- D. List it in their SSP
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
IA.L2-3.5.5 (1-point practice) requires "preventing reuse of identifiers for a defined period." Issues can be tracked in a POA&M for limited deficiency correction within 180 days per CAP, making B appropriate.
Listing in SSP (A) is for planning, not correction, C3PAO re-verification (C) isn't standard, and N/A (D) doesn't apply. The CMMC guide allows POA&Ms for 1-point practices.
Extract from Official CMMC Documentation:
* CMMC Assessment Guide Level 2 (v2.0), IA.L2-3.5.5: "Track deficiencies in POA&M."
* CAP v5.6.1, p. 25: "1-point practices eligible for POA&M."
Resources:
* https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/CMMC/AG_Level2_MasterV2.
0_FINAL_202112016_508.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 37
During the assessment process, a CCA encounters a situation in which the evidence provided by the OSC raises concerns about its adequacy and alignment with the CMMC practice being assessed. What priority factors must the CCA have considered to arrive at these concerns?
- A. The completeness of the evidence across all systems and processes
- B. Whether the evidence is the right evidence and meets the intent of the CMMC practice
- C. The format and presentation of the evidence
- D. The level of detail and granularity provided in the evidence
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) emphasizes that evidence sufficiency hinges on whether it aligns with the intent of the CMMC practice and is the "right" evidence to demonstrate compliance (e.g., meeting assessment objectives). The CCA's primary concern is not the format (Option A), completeness across all systems (Option B), or detail level (Option C), but whether the evidence directly addresses the practice's requirements. For example, if assessing AC.L2-3.1.1, the evidence must show authorized access control, not just exist in a polished form. Option D is the priority factor per CAP, making it the correct answer.
Reference Extract:
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 4.2:"The CCA must determine if evidence is the right evidence and meets the intent of the practice being assessed."Resources:https://cyberab.org/Portals/0
/Documents/Process-Documents/CMMC-Assessment-Process-CAP-v1.0.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 38
A company mirrors its FCI/CUI data storage in a cloud environment. Data is managed across multiple virtual machines (VMs). To satisfy requirements for data security of the LOCAL copy using physical controls, what should the OSC do?
- A. Store FCI/CUI data without encryption for faster access/backup/restore.
- B. In addition to a password or personal identification number, use physical means to log in such as a smart card or hard token.
- C. Ensure that the VMs are running on hardware that is physically located in a controlled-access facility.
- D. Use encrypted transport and storage of FCI/CUI data on the VMs.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Physical Protection (PE) requirements require that systems containing FCI or CUI be placed in controlled-access facilities with safeguards against unauthorized physical access.
Extract from PE.L2-3.10.1:
"Limit physical access to organizational information systems, equipment, and the respective operating environments to authorized individuals." Thus, ensuring that the VMs run on hardware located in a controlled-access facility is the correct method to meet physical security requirements.
Reference: CMMC Assessment Guide - Level 2, PE.L2-3.10.1.
NEW QUESTION # 39
As a CCA, John feels he can make some extra cash by aggregating and rewriting CMMC materials into a book titledAcing Your CMMC Assessment: A Complete Guide. You ask him about potential issues, such as the failure to get permission from the Cyber Accreditation Body. John tells you that since he is a CCA, this is not a requirement, and in any case, the information is already publicly available. Has John broken any CoPC guiding principles or practices? If so, which one?
- A. Yes, respect for intellectual property.
- B. Yes, adherence to materials and methods.
- C. Yes, information integrity.
- D. No, he has not.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Creating derivative works from CMMC materials without Cyber AB permission violates Adherence to Materials and Methods (Option D), not Integrity (Option B) or IP (Option C, though related). Option A is incorrect.
Extract from Official Document (CoPC):
* Paragraph 3.3(3) - Proper Use of Methods (pg. 7):"Do not create derivative works using CMMC intellectual property without explicit written permission from the Cyber AB." References:
CMMC Code of Professional Conduct, Paragraph 3.3(3).
NEW QUESTION # 40
A company has four waterjet machines with very limited computing capabilities. The company loads CUI onto these machines for machining parts and uses CUI as necessary for machining.
Should these waterjet machines be part of the CMMC Assessment?
- A. No, these waterjet machines are Out-of-Scope Assets and do not need to be assessed.
- B. Yes, these waterjet machines are CUI Assets that must be assessed because they handle CUI.
- C. No, these waterjet machines are Contractor Risk Managed Assets and do not need to be assessed.
- D. Yes, these waterjet machines are Specialized Assets that are within the scope of a CMMC Assessment.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The CMMC Scoping Guidance defines Specialized Assets (e.g., OT, IoT, test equipment, manufacturing machines) that may process CUI but do not always meet traditional IT security requirements. These assets are still within scope and must be documented and assessed as Specialized Assets.
Extract:
"Specialized Assets are defined as operational technology, IoT, test equipment, and similar devices that may process CUI but cannot be secured in the same manner as standard assets. They remain in-scope for the assessment." Thus, waterjet machines are Specialized Assets in scope.
Reference: CMMC Scoping Guidance - Specialized Assets.
NEW QUESTION # 41
While completing the Level 2 Assessment, the Lead Assessor found that the OSC was deficient on a number of CMMC practices. Forty practices were scored as NOT MET, all on the Authorized Deficiency Corrections list. The OSC remediated 17 of those during closeout, leaving 23 practices still NOT MET. What should the Lead Assessor recommend?
- A. Pass the OSC but put the 23 remaining on a POA&M
- B. Fail the OSC and require them to remediate and reapply for Level 2 certification
- C. Recommend an interim certification and revisit the failed practices upon certification renewal
- D. Recommend an interim certification and put the 23 remaining practices on a POA&M
Answer: B
Explanation:
Under CMMC 2.0 Level 2, POA&Ms are permitted only for a limited subset of practices and only if the organization achieves at least 80% compliance, with no high-weight practices failed. With 23 practices NOT MET, the OSC falls below this threshold. Therefore, the Lead Assessor must recommend a Fail, requiring remediation and reassessment.
Exact extracts:
* "For Level 2, OSCs must achieve a score of at least 80% and cannot fail any high-weighted practices."
* "POA&Ms may be allowed for a small number of selected practices but must be closed within 180 days."
* "If the OSC does not meet minimum requirements, the assessment result is Fail and the OSC must remediate before reapplying." Why the other options are incorrect:
* A: POA&Ms cannot cover such a large number of deficiencies.
* C/D: Interim certification does not exist in CMMC 2.0.
References:
CMMC Assessment Guide - Level 2, POA&M policy.
DoD CMMC 2.0 Program guidance on minimum passing scores and fail conditions.
NEW QUESTION # 42
SecureLogic Inc. is a cybersecurity consulting firm that provides managed security services to various defense contractors. During a CMMC assessment of one of their clients, the Lead Assessor finds that SecureLogic Inc.
has provided evidence supporting several inherited practices related to incident response and vulnerability management. Which of the following actions should the Lead Assessor take?
- A. Score the inherited practices as 'NOT MET' and require the client to implement them internally, regardless of SecureLogic Inc.'s evidence.
- B. Evaluate the evidence provided by SecureLogic Inc. to ensure it meets the assessment objectives for the inherited practices and is applicable to the client's in-scope assets.
- C. Recommend that the client implement the inherited practices internally, as inheriting them from external service providers is not allowed.
- D. Automatically score the inherited practices as 'MET' based on SecureLogic Inc.'s evidence.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) allows for practices to be inherited from an External Service Provider (ESP) such as SecureLogic Inc., provided that the evidence demonstrates that the ESP adequately performs the inherited practices and that these practices apply to the Organization Seeking Certification's (OSC) in- scope assets. The Lead Assessor's role is not to automatically accept or reject evidence but to evaluate its adequacy and sufficiency against the CMMC assessment objectives. Option A (automatically scoring as
'MET') skips this critical evaluation, risking an inaccurate assessment. Option B (scoring as 'NOT MET' regardless of evidence) disregards valid evidence, which is inconsistent with CAP guidance. Option C (prohibiting inheritance) is incorrect, as the CAP explicitly permits inheritance from ESPs when properly evidenced. Option D aligns with the CAP's requirement to assess evidence for inherited practices thoroughly.
Extract from Official Document (CAP v1.0):
* Section 1.6.1 - Access and Verify Evidence (pg. 19):"Evidence from an enterprise or entity from which objectives are inherited must show that Assessment Objectives are met and applicable to the OSC's in- scope assets."
* Section 2.2 - Conduct Assessment (pg. 25):"The Assessment Team shall determine ifpractices implemented by an External Service Provider (ESP) meet the intent of the CMMC Assessment Objectives." References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Sections 1.6.1 and 2.2.
NEW QUESTION # 43
During a CMMC assessment of an OSC, you discover that they rely heavily on a reputable CSP for their email services. As you delve deeper into the assessment, you suspect the OSC is incorrectly assuming that the CSP's security measures are sufficient to meet all the CMMC requirements related to email security. Given the critical nature of email communications and the potential exposure of sensitive information, you recognize the importance of clearly understanding the division of responsibilities between the OSC and the CSP for email security controls. To effectively assess how email security responsibilities are divided between the OSC and the CSP, which document should you prioritize reviewing?
- A. The OSC's overall security policy
- B. The Shared Responsibility Matrix (SRM) between the OSC and the CSP
- C. The CSP's publicly available security documentation
- D. The Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the OSC and the CSP
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The Shared Responsibility Matrix (SRM), per CMMC and FedRAMP guidance, delineates security control responsibilities between the OSC and CSP, critical for assessing email security (e.g., AC.L2-3.1.13). Option A (security policy) lacks CSP-specific detail. Option C (public documentation) is generic, not contractual.
Option D (SLA) focuses on service levels, not control specifics. Option B is the correct answer, providing the clearest division per CAP.
Reference Extract:
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 4.3:"The SRM clarifies CSP and OSC responsibilities for cloud services."Resources:https://cyberab.org/Portals/0/Documents/Process-Documents/CMMC- Assessment-Process-CAP-v1.0.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 44
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