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The LPI 702-100 certification exam is a valuable credential for IT professionals who want to demonstrate their proficiency in BSD system installation and software management. By earning this certification, candidates can enhance their career prospects, gain recognition from employers, and contribute to the open-source community.
NEW QUESTION # 27
What option of uname displays the version of the running operating system'? (Specify ONLY the option name without any values or parameters.)
Answer:
Explanation:
-v
Explanation
In FreeBSD, theunamecommand is used to display system information. The option-vspecifically displays the version of the running operating system. This information is critical for system administrators and users who need to know the exact version of the OS they are working with, particularly when troubleshooting, updating, or configuring the system for specific software requirements.
https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uname&sektion=1&format=html
The -v or --version option of the uname command displays the version level of the operating system. This is a string that identifies the release date and patch level of the system. For example, on FreeBSD, the output would be something like:
FreeBSD 13.0-RELEASE-p4 #0: Tue Aug 24 07:12:34 UTC 2021
This indicates that the system is running FreeBSD 13.0, with the fourth patch applied, and that the kernel was built on August 24, 2021. The version level can be useful to determine the compatibility and security of the system, as well as to report bugs or issues.
NEW QUESTION # 28
What directory holds the ports collection on FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. /ports/
- B. /var/db/packages/
- C. /usr/ports/
- D. /usr/local/pkg/
- E. /tmp/ports/
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Explanation
The ports collection on FreeBSD is a package management system that allows users to install third-party software from source or binary packages. The ports collection is stored in the /usr/ports/ directory, which contains subdirectories for different categories of software, such as archivers, databases, editors, etc. Each subdirectory contains one or more ports, which are directories that contain the files needed to build and install the software. The /usr/ports/ directory can be updated with the portsnap command34 Binary packages are pre-compiled versions of the ports that can be installed with the pkg command. Binary packages are downloaded from the FreeBSD package repository,which is hosted at pkg.freebsd.org. The packages are installed in the /usr/local/ directory by default, and the information about the installed packages is stored in the /usr/local/pkg/ directory. The /usr/local/pkg/ directory contains files with the .db extension, which are SQLite databases that store the metadata of the packages. The pkg command can query and manipulate these databases56 References: 3: https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/ports/ 4:
https://www.freebsd.org/ports/ 5: https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/pkgng-intro/ 6:
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=8
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following chmod commands changes the permission of the file text. txt to 750?
- A. chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o= text.txt
- B. chmod text.txt 750
- C. chmod user:rw, group:r, other:x
- D. chmod text.txt=u:rw,g:r,o:r
- E. chmod -u rw -g rx -o - text.txt
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Permissions involve read, write, and execute roles that can be assigned to the owner, a group, or other users1.To use the chmod command, you must specify the permission you want to set and the file or directory you want to modify1.For example,chmod +rwx filenameto add permissions,chmod -rwx directorynameto remove permissions, orchmod +x filenameto allow executable permissions2.
There are two ways to specify the permissions with the chmod command: symbolic notation and numeric notation1.Symbolic notation uses letters and symbols to represent the user classes and the permissions1.Numeric notation uses octal numbers (0-7) to represent the permissions for each user class1.Each octal digit corresponds to a combination of read , write (w), and execute (x) permissions, as shown in the table below3:
Octal digit
Binary representation
Permissions
0
000
-
1
001
-x
2
010
-w-
3
011
-wx
4
100
r-
5
101
r-x
6
110
rw-
7
111
rwx
To use numeric notation, you need to provide three octal digits, one for each user class (owner, group, and others)1.For example,chmod 644 filenamemeans that the owner has read and write permissions (6), the group has read permissions (4), and others have read permissions (4)1.
In this question, the desired permission for the file text.txt is 750, which means that the owner has read, write, and execute permissions (7), the group has read and execute permissions (5), and others have no permissions (0)1. Therefore, the correct chmod command to change the permission of the file text.txt to 750 ischmod text.txt 750.
References:1: Chmod Command in Linux (File Permissions) | Linuxize2: How to change directory permissions in Linux | Pluralsight3: How to Use the chmod Command on Linux - How-To Geek
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following commands creates a ZFS snapshot of the dataset space/data named snap1?
- A. zfs reflink space/data snapl@space/data
- B. zfs snapshot space/data@snap1
- C. zfs copy -s space snap1
- D. zfs create space/data: snap1
- E. zfs shadow space/data space/data/snap1
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The zfs snapshot command creates a snapshot of a ZFS dataset, which is a point-in-time copy of the data. The snapshot name is specified as follows: filesystem@snapname or volume@snapname. The snapshot name must satisfy the naming requirements in ZFS Component Naming Requirements1. In this case, the command zfs snapshot space/data@snap1 creates a snapshot of the dataset space/data named snap1. The other options are either invalid or do not create a snapshot. References: 1:https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/819-5461/gbcya/index.html
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which configuration file defines the order of the name resolution methods used on a NetBSD system'?
- A. /etc/rc.conf
- B. /etc/nsswitch.conf
- C. /etc/resolv.conf
- D. /etc/hosts
- E. /etc/named
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The /etc/nsswitch.conf file defines the order of the name resolution methods used on a NetBSD system. It specifies the sources and their priority for various databases, such as hosts, services, protocols, etc. The sources can be files, DNS, NIS, or other services. For example, the following line in /etc/nsswitch.conf indicates that the hosts database should be looked up first in the /etc/hosts file, then in the DNS server, and finally in the NIS server:
hosts: files dns nis
References:
nsswitch.conf(5) - NetBSD Manual Pages
Chapter 23. The NetBSD Network Configuration Files
NEW QUESTION # 32
How many /28 IPv4 subnets can be created within a /24 IPv4 prefix?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A /24 IPv4 prefix provides 256 IP addresses, which is the number of addresses in one octet (2^8). A /28 subnet has 16 IP addresses (2^4). To calculate how many /28 subnets can fit into a /24 prefix, divide the total number of addresses in the /24 prefix by the number of addresses in a /28 subnet: 256 / 16 = 16. However, since each subnet has network and broadcast addresses that cannot be used for hosts, the actual number of usable subnets is less. In practice, you can create 16 subnets, each with 14 usable IP addresses for hosts.
References:
Subnet Cheat Sheet
IP Subnet Calculator
NEW QUESTION # 33
When using the default TFTP server on a BSD system, which configuration file needs to be edited before the TFTP service will start?
- A. rc.conf
- B. init.conf
- C. service, conf
- D. tftpd.conf
- E. inetd.conf
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The inetd.conf file is the configuration file that needs to be edited before the TFTP service will start on a BSD system. The inetd daemon handles the TFTP service and other network services, and its configuration file contains settings that determine howthese services are managed. To enable the TFTP service, the corresponding entry in inetd.conf must be uncommented and properly configured. References:
FreeBSD Handbook - inetd
Linux Professional Institute BSD Specialist Exam Objectives
NEW QUESTION # 34
Given the following listing
-rw-r-r- 1root whee115254 Nov 13 08:55 bobsfile
How can the superuser grant the user bob write permission to this file?
- A. chown bob:bob bobsfile
- B. chgrp bob bobsfile
- C. chperm 664 bobsfile
- D. chmod +x bobsfile
- E. vipw -u bob bobsfile
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The command chown changes the ownership of a file or directory. The syntax is chown user:group file, where user is the new owner and group is the new group of the file. In this case, the superuser can grant the user bob write permission to the file by changing both the owner and the group of the file to bob. This way, bob will have the same permissions as the original owner, which is read and write. Alternatively, the superuser can also use the command chmod to change the permissions of the file without changing the ownership. For example, chmod g+w bobsfile will add write permission to the group, and chmod o+w bobsfile will add write permission to others. However, these commands will also affect other users who belong to the same group or are not the owner or the group of the file. References:
FreeBSD Handbook: File and Directory Ownership
FreeBSD Handbook: File and Directory Permissions
Linux Professional Institute BSD Specialist: 702.1 Filesystem and Devices
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following programs can be used to enumerate all responsive hosts on a subnet?
- A. nmap
- B. rtso1
- C. route
- D. traceroute
- E. netstat
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Nmap is a program that can be used to enumerate all responsive hosts on a subnet. Nmap stands for Network Mapper, and it is a tool that can perform network discovery, port scanning, service detection, vulnerability assessment, and more. Nmap can send different types of packets to probe the hosts on a subnet and determine which ones are alive and what services they are running. Nmap can also perform OS fingerprinting, which can identify the operating system of the target hosts. Nmap has many options and features that can customize the scan according to the user's needs and preferences. The other programs are not suitable for enumerating all responsive hosts on a subnet, because:
A: traceroute: This program is used to trace the route of packets from the source host to the destination host. It can show the intermediate hops and the latency of each hop. However, it cannot show all the hosts on a subnet, only the ones that are on the path to the destination.
B: netstat: This program is used to display the status of network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, and more. It can show the local and remote addresses and ports of the active connections, but it cannot show all the hosts on a subnet, only the ones that are connected to the local host.
D: rtso1: This is not a valid program name, but it may be a typo for rtso, which is a program that can perform TCP SYN scanning. However, this program is not as versatile and powerful as nmap, and it can only scan TCP ports, not UDP or other protocols.
E: route: This program is used to manipulate the routing table, which is used to determine the next hop for a packet based on its destination address. It can show the destination, gateway, interface, and flags of each route, but it cannot show all the hosts on a subnet, only the ones that are reachable via a specific gateway. References: 6: https://nmap.org/book/man.html 7:
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&sektion=8 :
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1 :
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtso&sektion=1 :
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of the following commands have to be used in order to update FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. freebsd-update resolvedeps
- B. freebsd-update repoupdate
- C. freebsd-update fetch
- D. freebsd-update install
- E. freebsd-update all
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Explanation
To update FreeBSD, the freebsd-update fetch command is used to download available binary updates, and the freebsd-update install command is used to apply the downloaded updates to the system. These commands are part of the freebsd-update utility, which supports binary security and errata updates to the FreeBSD base system without the need for manual compilation and installation2.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook - freebsd-update
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following commands installs binary packages on OpenBSD?
- A. pkgbin
- B. pkg_add
- C. portinst
- D. pkg install
- E. port add
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The command pkg_add is used to install binary packages on OpenBSD systems. It is a utility for installing and upgrading software packages from binary files. When using pkg_add, the system will fetch and install the specified package, along with any dependencies it may have123.
References:
OpenBSD manual pages - packages(7)
nixCraft - OpenBSD install or add binary software package using pkg_add
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following lines stems from the output of last?
- A. 763v1 Is+ 0:00-00/usr/libexec/getty Pc ttyv1
- B. root ttyv0Sat May 18 13:35 still logged in
- C. May 11 19:34:24 fbsdlogin [793]: login on ttyv0as root
- D. FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE r341666 GENERIC
- E. 3:26PM up 1:58, 2 users, load averages: 0.49, 0.43, 0.40
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The last command displays a list of the last logged in users on a BSD system. The output consists of several columns that show the user name, the terminal name, the login date and time, and the logout date and time or the current status. The option C is the only line that matches the format of the last command output. It shows that the user root logged in on the terminal ttyv0 on Saturday, May 18, 2023 at 13:35 and is still logged in. The other options are either invalid lines or belong to othercommands or sources. For example, option A is the output of the uptime command, option B is a line from the /var/log/auth.log file, option D is a line from the ps command, and option E is the output of the uname -a command. References:
[last] - FreeBSD last(1) Manual Page
[How to use the last command in Linux] - Linuxize
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which command sends the contents of the file myconfigfile by email to me@mycompany. com?
- A. mail [email protected] I cat myconfigfile
- B. mail myconfigfile -r [email protected]
- C. cat myconfigfile I mail [email protected]
- D. mail [email protected] > cat myconfigfile
- E. cat myconfigfile > [email protected]
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 40
Consider the following file legal file:
disclosure
non-disclosure
non-disclosure
Which line or lines in the file does the following command match? Note the space after the dash within the brackets.
grep "non [-] disclosure" legalfile
- A. non-disclosure and non-disclosure Only
- B. disclosure and non-disclosure only
- C. non-disclosure only
- D. disclosure only
- E. non-disclosure only
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The command grep "non [-] disclosure" legalfile matches the lines in the file that contain the pattern non [-] disclosure, where the brackets indicate a character class that matches either a space or a dash. Therefore, the lines that contain non-disclosure or non - disclosure are matched by the command, while the line that contains disclosure only is not matched. The file has two lines that contain non-disclosure, so the correct answer is E. non-disclosure and non-disclosure Only. References:
grep - IBM
Character Classes and Bracket Expressions - GNU
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which file on a BSD system defines the printers which are available by the Ipr printing system'? (Specify the full name of the file including path)
Answer:
Explanation:
/etc/printcap
Explanation
The /etc/printcap file on a BSD system defines the printers that are available by the Ipr printing system. The Ipr printing system is a BSD-compatible printing system that uses the lpd daemon to manage print jobs and spooling. The /etc/printcap file contains a series of entries, one for each printer, that specify the printer name, device, options, and filters. The format and syntax of the /etc/printcap file are described in the printcap(5) manual page. References:
About Printing on FreeBSD | The FreeBSD Forums
The BSD Printing Protocol (System Administration Guide, Volume 2) - Oracle Chapter 11. Printing | FreeBSD Documentation Portal
NEW QUESTION # 42
What subnet mask is used on network 192 168 32 0 in the following output?
Fxp0: flags=8843 <UP, BROADCAST, RUNNING, SIMPLEX, MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=8 inet 192.168.50.162 netmask OxffffeOOO broadcast 192.168.63.255 ether 00:09:6B: 13:42:9f media: Ethernet autoselect (lOObaseTX <full-duplex>) status: active
- A. 255 255.224.0
- B. /28
- C. /25
- D. 0
- E. 1
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The subnet mask 255.255.224.0 corresponds to the hexadecimal netmask 0xffffe000 shown in the output. This subnet mask indicates a subnet with 19 bits for the network portion and 13 bits for the host portion, allowing for a large number of hosts within the subnet.
References:
BSD Specialist Exam 702 Objectives - Linux Professional Institute
FreeBSD Handbook - Networking
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which BSD command lists, adds, or deletes swap devices?
- A. diskcontro1
- B. swapct1
- C. swap
- D. swapinfo
- E. mkswap
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The swapctl command is used to list, add, or delete swap devices on BSD systems. It can also display the total amount of swap space available and used. The swapctl command takes various options to perform different actions, such as -l to list the swap devices, -a to add a swap device, -d to delete a swap device, and -s to show the swapsummary. The other options are not valid BSD commands for managing swap devices. References:
swapctl(8) - OpenBSD manual pages
FreeBSD Handbook - Chapter 19. The FreeBSD Booting Process
FreeBSD Handbook - Chapter 9. Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which command locks the user account bob on a FreeBSD system?
- A. vipw lock bob
- B. usermod lock bob
- C. lockuser bob
- D. audit_user -1 bob
- E. pw lock bob
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The pw utility is a command-line utility for the FreeBSD system user and group files, allowing the superuser an easy way of adding, modifying and removing users and groups. To lock a user account on a FreeBSD system, the pw lock command can be used with the username as an argument. This will prevent the user from logging in orchanging their password. To unlock a user account, the pw unlock command can be used with the username as an argument. This will restore the user's access to the system. References:
FreeBSD locking an account - nixCraft
FreeBSD: How To Add, Delete Or Modify Users
How to: FreeBSD User Administration - Atlantic.Net
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following commands installs binary packages on OpenBSD?
- A. pkgbin
- B. pkg_add
- C. portinst
- D. pkg install
- E. port add
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 46
When creating a symbolic link, an error message indicating that the target already exists is displayed. Which statement is true?
- A. In can override the target, but only if it is a directory
- B. In can override the target, whether it is a file or a directory.
- C. In can not override an existing target so the target must be manually removed
- D. In can override the target, but only if it is a file.
- E. In can not override an existing symbolic link.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A symbolic link, or symlink, is a special type of file that points to another file or directory on the file system1.
When creating a symbolic link with the ln command, the syntax is as follows:
ln -s target link
where target is the file or directory to link to, and link is the name of the symbolic link2. If the link name already exists, the ln command will fail and display an error message indicating that the target already exists3. This is because the ln command does not overwrite existing files or directories by default4. Therefore, the only way to create a symbolic link with the same name as an existing file or directory is to manually remove the existing target first, and then run the ln command again. Alternatively, the ln command can be used with the -f (force) option, which will remove the existing target and create the symbolic link in one step4.
However, this option is not mentioned in the question, so the correct answer is A.
References: 1: How to Create Symbolic Links in Linux [Complete Guide] - Linux Handbook 2: Ln Command in Linux (Create Symbolic Links) | Linuxize 3: How to Create and Use Symbolic Links (aka Symlinks) on Linux - How-To Geek 4: Symbolic Links in Unix/Linux - Stack Abuse
NEW QUESTION # 47
A file called mybackup is found while investigating a USB pen drive. Which utility can be used to determine the kind of data that is contained in that file?
- A. tar -t mybackup
- B. whatis mybackup
- C. touch mybackup
- D. Is -1 mybackup
- E. file mybackup
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The file command is used to determine the type of data contained in a computer file. It performs a series of tests on the file and prints a description of the file type based on the first successful test. The file command can take one or more file names as its arguments. For example, file mybackup will display the file type of mybackup. The other options are not valid commands for finding the file type. References:
file command in Linux with examples
file (command) - Wikipedia
Linux File Command
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which directories contain start scripts for services on FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. /var/boot/rc.d/
- B. /usr/rc.d/
- C. /boot/red/
- D. /etc/red/
- E. /usr/local/etc/rc.d/
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
Explanation
The directories that contain start scripts for services on FreeBSD are /usr/rc.d/ and /usr/local/etc/rc.d/. The
/usr/rc.d/ directory contains the system-provided scripts for the base system services, such as cron, sshd, syslogd, etc. The /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ directory contains the scripts for the additional services installed from ports or packages, such as apache, mysql, nginx, etc. These scripts follow the BSD rc.d framework, which allows for fine-grained control and customization of the startup process. The scripts are invoked by the main
/etc/rc script, which sources the /etc/rc.conf file for configuration options
https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/rc-scripting/
NEW QUESTION # 49
While using vi as superuser. the attempt to save a file while quitting the editor leads to an error indicating that the file is read-only. How can the file permissions be overridden to save the edits to the file and quit the editor?
- A. : wq
- B. : ql
- C. : fwq
- D. : fw!
- E. : wq!
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The wq! command is used to save a file and quit the vi editor, even if the file is read-only. The w command means write, the q command means quit, and the ! command means force. By combining these commands, the vi editor will override the file permissions and save the changes to the file, then exit the editor. The other options are either invalid syntax or do not force the write operation. For example, wq will save and quit only if the file is writable, ql will quit without saving, and fw! will force write but not quit. References:
[vi] - FreeBSD vi(1) Manual Page
[wq!] - How to save a file in vi / vim editor in Linux / Unix
NEW QUESTION # 50
What symbol is used in the vi editor to start the forward search for a string? (Specify ONLY the single character symbol without any parameters)
Answer:
Explanation:
/
Explanation
The symbol / is used in the vi editor to start the forward search for a string. It is followed by the string to be searched and then Enter to execute the search. The vi editor highlights the first occurrence of the string after the cursor position. To find the next occurrence of the string in the same direction, press n. To find the previous occurrence of the string in the opposite direction, press N. References:
How to Search to Find a Word in Vim or Vi Text Editor
How can I switch from forward to backward search in Vim?
How To Search in VI Editor
How to Search in Vim / Vi
NEW QUESTION # 51
What file contains the configuration for the network interface em0on an OpenBSD system'? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)
Answer:
Explanation:
/etc/hostname.em0
Explanation
The file /etc/hostname.em0 contains the configuration for the network interface em0 on an OpenBSD system.
This file specifies the IP address, netmask, gateway, and other options for the interface. The file is read by the netstart script during boot or when the interface is restarted. The file name is derived from the interface name, which is usually based on the driver name and the device number. For example, em0 is the first interface using the em driver, which supports Intel PRO/1000 network adapters.
References:
Networking | OpenBSD Handbook
[hostname.if(5) - OpenBSD manual pages]
NEW QUESTION # 52
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