The Best Practice Test Preparation for the NSE7_NST-7.2 Certification Exam
NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Dumps, Practice Test Questions BUNDLE PACK
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which statement about IKE and IKE NAT-T is true?
- A. IKE is the standard implementation for IKEv1and IKE NAT-T is an extension added in IKEv2.
- B. IKE is used to encapsulate ESP traffic in some situations, and IKE NAT-T is used only when the local FortiGate is using NAT on the IPsec interface.
- C. They both use UDP as their transport protocol and the port number is configurable.
- D. They each use their own IP protocol number.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* IKE (Internet Key Exchange):IKE is a protocol used to set up a security association (SA) in the IPsec protocol suite. It is utilized to negotiate, create, and manage SAs.
* NAT-T (Network Address Translation-Traversal):NAT-T is used to enable IPsec VPN traffic to pass through NAT devices. It encapsulates IPsec ESP packets into UDP packets.
* Transport Protocol:Both IKE and IKE NAT-T use UDP as their transport protocol.
* Port Numbers:By default, IKE uses UDP port 500. NAT-T typically uses UDP port 4500. However, these port numbers can be configured as needed.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(Fortinet Docs)(ebin.pub).
* Fortinet Documentation on IPsec VPN Configuration(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 19 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a diagnose command.
What can you conclude from the RTT value?
- A. lts initial value is statically set to 10.
- B. It determines which FortiGuard server is used for license validation.
- C. Its value represents the time it takes to receive a response after a rating request is sent to a particular server.
- D. Its value is incremented with each packet lost.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* RTT (Round Trip Time):
* RTT in the context of the FortiGuard server list indicates the time it takes for a request to be sent to a FortiGuard server and for a response to be received.
* This metric helps determine the latency between the FortiGate device and the FortiGuard servers, which is crucial for ensuring efficient and quick updates and responses for services like web
* filtering and antivirus updates.
* Server Selection:
* The FortiGate device uses RTT values to prioritize servers. Servers with lower RTT values are preferred as they respond faster, ensuring minimal delay in processing requests.
* This improves the overall performance of FortiGuard services by reducing the time it takes to communicate with the servers.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FortiGuard server connections and RTT values(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Documentation: FortiGuard server settings and RTT explanation(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which three conditions are required for two FortiGate devices to form an OSPF adjacency? (Choose three.)
- A. OSPF router IDs are unique.
- B. OSPF interface priority settings are unique
- C. OSPF interface network types match
- D. Authentication settings match.
- E. OSPF link costs match.
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
* OSPF Interface Network Types:
* The network types of the interfaces on both FortiGate devices must match. Common network
* types include broadcast, point-to-point, and non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA).
* Authentication Settings:
* Both devices must have matching authentication settings (if authentication is used). This includes the same authentication type (none, simple password, or MD5) and the same password or key.
* OSPF Router IDs:
* Each OSPF router must have a unique router ID within the OSPF domain. The router ID is typically an IPv4 address selected from one of the router's interfaces or manually configured.
* Link Costs and Interface Priority:
* While link costs and interface priorities are important for route selection and designated router (DR) elections, they do not prevent OSPF adjacency formation if they differ.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* OSPF Configuration Guides
NEW QUESTION # 21
What are two functions of automation stitches? (Choose two.)
- A. You can configure automation stitches on any FortiGate device in a Security Fabric environment.
- B. You can set an automation stitch configured to execute actions in parallel to insert a specific delay between actions.
- C. An automation stitch configured to execute actions sequentially can take parameters from previous actions as input for the current action.
- D. You can create automation stitches to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to an email message when CPU or memory usage exceeds specified thresholds.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* Automation Stitches Overview:
* Automation stitches in FortiOS allow administrators to automate responses to specific events, such as running diagnostic commands or taking corrective actions when certain thresholds are exceeded.
* Diagnostic Commands and Alerts:
* Automation stitches can be configured to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to email alerts. This is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes, particularly when CPU or memory usage exceeds set thresholds.
* Sequential Execution with Parameters:
* When actions are executed sequentially, each action can take parameters from the previous action as input. This enables more complex workflowsand automation sequences where the output of one action influences the next.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring and using automation stitches(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Automation stitches and their applications in FortiOS(Hammertux)(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 22
Refer to the exhibit, which shows two entries that were generated in the FSSO collector agent logs.
What three conclusions can you draw from these log entries? (Choose three.)
- A. Remote registry is not running on the workstation.
- B. A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445.
- C. The user's status shows as "not verified" in the collector agent
- D. The FortiGate firmware version is not compatible with that of the collector agent
- E. DNS resolution is unable to resolve the workstation name.
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
The exhibit shows log entries from the FSSO (Fortinet Single Sign-On) collector agent logs. These logs provide insights into why there might be issues with the collector agent connecting to workstations or the registry.
* Remote registry is not running on the workstation: The failure to connect to the workstation registry
* can occur if the remote registry service on the workstation is not running. This service needs to be active to allow the FSSO collector agent to query the workstation for user login information.
* DNS resolution is unable to resolve the workstation name: The logs indicate a failure in connecting to a workstation by name, which can happen if the DNS server is unable to resolve the workstation's name to an IP address. This is a common issue when the DNS settings are incorrect or the workstation name is not properly registered in the DNS.
* A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445: Communication issues to the workstation or registry are often caused by firewall rules blocking essential ports. Ports 139 (NetBIOS) and 445 (SMB) are critical for these operations. Ensure these ports are open on both the workstation and any intermediate firewalls.
References
* Fortinet Community Documentation on FSSO Troubleshooting
* Fortinet Community on FSSO Collector Agent Issues
NEW QUESTION # 23 
Refer to the exhibits, which show the configuration on FortiGate and partial session information for internet traffic from a user on the internal network.
If the priority on route ID _ were changed from 10 to 0, what would happen to traffic matching that user session?
- A. The session would remain in the session table, and itstraffic would egress from port1.
- B. The session would be deleted, and the client would need to start a new session.
- C. The session would remain in the session table, and its traffic would egress from port2.
- D. The session would remain in the session table, but its trafficwould now egress from both port1.andport2.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The exhibits show the configuration of static routes and a session table entry for an active session. The static routes are configured with different priorities:
* Route throughport1with a gateway of10.200.1.254and priority5.
* Route throughport2with a gateway of10.200.2.254and priority10.
If the priority of the route throughport2is changed from10to0, this route will become more preferred than the route throughport1because lower priority values indicate higher preference. As a result, the traffic for the existing session will switch to using the more preferred route:
* The session would remain active in the session table, as FortiGate does not immediately clear sessions upon route changes unless explicitly configured to do so.
* The traffic for the session would then start egressing fromport2, which now has the higher priority route due to its lower priority value.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Routing Configuration
* Fortinet Community on Session Handling
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which three common FortiGate-to-collector-agent connectivity issues can you identifyusing the FSSO real-time debug?(Choose three.)
- A. Mismatched pre-shared password.
- B. Incompatible collector agent software version.
- C. Log is full on the collector agent.
- D. Refused connection. Potential mismatch of TCP port.
- E. Inability to reach IP address of the collector agent.
Answer: A,D,E
Explanation:
* Refused Connection:A refused connection typically indicates a mismatch in the TCP port configuration between the FortiGate and the collector agent. Ensuring both are configured to use the same TCP port is crucial for proper connectivity.
* Mismatched Pre-Shared Password:If the pre-shared password configured on the FortiGate does not match the one set on the collector agent, authentication will fail, leading to connectivity issues.
* Inability to Reach IP Address:This can occur due to network issues such as incorrect routing, firewall rules blocking traffic, or the collector agent being down. Verifying network connectivity and the status of the collector agent is necessary to resolve this issue.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FSSO Connectivity Issues(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 25 
If the default settings are in place, what can you conclude about the conserve mode shown in the exhibit?
- A. FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection but is not performing inspection on those sessions.
- B. FortiGate is currently blocking new sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection.
- C. FortiGate is currently blocking all new sessions regardless of the content inspection requirements or configuration settings because of high memory use.
- D. FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based content inspection and blocking sessions that require proxy-based content inspection.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Conserve Mode Overview:Conserve mode is a state that FortiGate enters to protect itself from running out of memory. It is triggered when the memory usage reaches certain thresholds.
* Thresholds:The default settings for conserve mode thresholds are:
* Red Threshold:88% memory usage.
* Extreme Threshold:95% memory usage.
* Green Threshold:82% memory usage.
* Impact on Sessions:When in conserve mode:
* New sessions requiring flow-based content inspection are blocked.
* New sessions requiring proxy-based content inspection are also blocked to free up memory resources.
* Current Memory State in Exhibit:The exhibit shows:
* Total RAM: 3040 MB.
* Memory used: 2706 MB (89% of total RAM).
* Memory usage exceeds the red threshold (88%), thus triggering conserve mode.
Given that the memory usage is above the red threshold and conserve mode is active, the FortiGate will block new sessions requiring both flow-based and proxy-based content inspection to conserve memory.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of Conserve Mode and Its Impact(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Conserve Mode Settings and Management(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which exchange lakes care of DoS protection in IKEv2?
- A. Create_CHILD_SA
- B. IKE_Auth
- C. IKE_SA_INIT
- D. IKE_Req_INIT
Answer: C
Explanation:
* IKE_SA_INIT Exchange:
* The IKE_SA_INIT exchange is the first step in the IKEv2 negotiation process. It is responsible for setting up the initial security association (SA) and performing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
* During this exchange, the responder may employ various measures to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, such as rate limiting and the use of puzzles to increase the computational cost for an attacker.
* DoS Protection Mechanisms:
* One key method involves limiting the number of half-open SAs from any single IP address or subnet.
* The IKE_SA_INIT exchange can also incorporate the use of stateless cookies, which help to verify the initiator's legitimacy without requiring extensive resource allocation by the responder until the initiator is verified.
References:
* RFC 5996: Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)(RFC Editor).
* RFC 8019: Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks(IETF Datatracker).
NEW QUESTION # 27
Referto the exhibit, which shows oneway communication of the downstream FortiGate with the upstream FortiGate within a Security Fabric.
What three actions must you take to ensure successful communication? (Choose three.)
- A. Ensure the port for Neighbor Discovery has been changed.
- B. FortiGate must not be in NAT mode.
- C. You must authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate.
- D. You must enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate.
- E. Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way
Answer: C,D,E
Explanation:
The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.
To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:
* Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.
* Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.
* Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following regarding protocol states is true?
- A. proto_state-01 indicates an established TCP session.
- B. proto_state=10 indicates an established TCP session.
- C. proto state=01 indicates one-way ICMP traffic.
- D. proto_state=00 indicates that UDP traffic flows in both directions.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Understanding protocol states:
* proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.
* proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.
* proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.
* proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.
* Explanation of correct answer:
* proto_state=10is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which two statements about application-layer test commands ate true? (Choose two.)
- A. Some of them display real-time application debugs.
- B. Some of them can be used to restart an application.
- C. Some of them display statistics and configuration information about a feature or process.
- D. Some of them display only output, after you run the diagnose debug console enable command.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
* Statistics and Configuration Information:
* Application-layer test commands can display detailed statistics and configuration information about specific features or processes. For example, commands likediagnose vpn ipsec tunnel list provide detailed statistics about VPN tunnels.
* Real-time Debugs:
* These commands also facilitate real-time debugging of applications and processes. For instance, usingdiagnose debug applicationfollowed by the specific application, such asfssod, provides real-time debug information which is crucial for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Useful FSSO Commands and Troubleshooting(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Application-layer Test Commands(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 30
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of the get vpn ipsec tunnel details command. Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. Different SPI values are a result of auto-negotiation being disabled for phase 2 selectors.
- B. The npu_flag for this tunnel is 02
- C. The npu_flag for this tunnel is 03.
- D. Anti-replay is enabled.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
* Anti-replay Enabled:
* The exhibit showsreplay: enabled, which confirms that anti-replay is enabled for this IPsec tunnel. Anti-replay is a security feature that prevents replay attacks by ensuring that packets are not duplicated or reused.
* NPU Acceleration:
* TheNPU acceleration: encryption (outbound) decryption (inbound)line indicates that Network Processing Unit (NPU) acceleration is used.
* The npu_flag for this tunnel is 02. This indicates that encryption and decryption are handled by the NPU, improving the performance of the VPN tunnel.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 31
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a BGP debug command.
Which statement explains why the state of the 10.200.3.1 peer is Connect?
- A. The local router is receiving BGP keepalives from the remote peer, but the local peer has not received the OpenConf inn yet.
- B. The router 10.200.3.1 has authentication configured for BGP and the local router does not.
- C. The local router initiated the BGP session to 10.200.3.1 but did not receive a response.
- D. The local router has a different AS number than the remote peer.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The BGP summary output shows the state of the 10.200.3.1 peer as "Connect." This state indicates that the local router has attempted to initiate a BGP session with the peer, but the peer has not yet responded to the initial connection request.
* State Explanation: The "Connect" state in BGP indicates that the TCP connection has been initiated but
* is waiting for a response. If the peer does not respond within the configured timers, the session will transition to the "Active" state and retry the connection.
* Possible Causes: This can occur due to network issues preventing the peer from responding, a misconfiguration on the peer device, or issues like access control lists (ACLs) blocking the BGP traffic.
To troubleshoot, check the connectivity between the routers, ensure that the BGP configurations on both sides match, and verify that there are no firewalls or ACLs blocking the BGP packets.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on BGP Troubleshooting
* Fortinet Community Discussion on BGP State Issues
NEW QUESTION # 32
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time RADIUS debug.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
- A. The authentication scheme used was pop3.
- B. The RADIUS server queried for authentication is located at IP address 172.25.188.164.
- C. Two-factor authentication was required.
- D. Authentication was successful
- E. Authentication was unsuccessful.
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
* RADIUS Server IP Address:
* The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server atIP=172.25.188.164.
This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.
* Authentication Result:
* The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server:Result for radius svr 'RadiusServer' 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of0typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.
* Authentication Scheme:
* The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).
* Two-factor Authentication:
* There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides
NEW QUESTION # 33
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of diagnose npu np6 port-list on a FortiGate1500D.
An administrator is unable to analyze traffic flowing between port1 and port7 using the diagnose sniffer command.
Which two commands allow the administrator to view the traffic? (Choose two.)
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* Diagnose NPU NP6 Port-list Disable Command:
* Thediagnose npu np6 port-list disablecommand disables specific ports on the NP6 processor.
This can help in cases where you need to analyze traffic and the hardware offloading is interfering.
* Command:diagnose npu np6 port-list disable 5 17(as shown in Option A).
* Diagnose NPU NP6 Fastpath Disable Command:
* Disabling the fastpath feature on NP6 can also allow for better visibility into the traffic as it bypasses hardware acceleration, which might obscure traffic details.
* Command:diagnose npu np6 fastpath disable 0(as shown in Option C).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation on Troubleshooting BGP and NPU Settings(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Community Technical Notes on NPU and Traffic Analysis(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 34
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